Hafez Was Not an Astronomer; Where Did All the Astronomical Codes in His Ghazals Come From?

Hafez studies cover a broad and diverse range of research. One of the most remarkable studies of our time is a scientific examination of the content of Hafez Shirazi's poetry.

Ambassador of Arjan Culture and Literature Group, Tahereh Tehrani: Mehr 20 is the national day of commemoration of Hafez in the Iranian calendar. Someone who is truly the historical memory of Iranians. Preservation studies include a wide range of studies. One of the amazing researches of our time is the scientific approach to the content of Hafez Shirazi's poetry.

Seyyed Hojjatul Haque Hosseini is a professor of astronomy and cosmology at the university and as a researcher he has also researched special issues in the history of science. A few years ago, at the time of the unveiling of the book "Hafez Encyclopedia and Hafez Pajhuhi", amazing things from his scientific and literary researches were revealed. It should be mentioned that the book "Encyclopedia of Hafez and Hafez Research" was prepared and edited under the supervision and scholarly guidance of Professor Bahauddin Khorramshahi, a famous hafizologist, and with the cooperation of 90 academic authors and researchers. Abdullah Jasbi supported this research.

Four specialized articles "Rules of Astrology/Tanjim in Divan Hafez"; "Astrology in Diwan Hafez"; "Cosmology in Diwan Hafez" and "Chronology and Material of History in Divan Hafez" along with seven other exclusive articles in the introduction of Hafez's selected scholars of the world are examples of Dr. Hosseini's works in this field. He was the founder and head of the astronomy and cosmology department in the year book of the Islamic Republic of Iran (12 years) and also the senior astronomical consultant of UNESCO. On the occasion of Hafez Shirazi National Commemoration Day, we had a conversation with him:

* What do the rules of astrology or tanjim mean?

The rulings of astrology/astrology/astrology/astrology is to know the positions of the stars in the sky and their course and circulation in the horizons and their relationship with the earth or relationship with the planets and other constants and its effect on the individual life or social affairs of people and phenomena. Astrology/divination/astrology/astrology has a very ancient history and a background of several thousand years. From his point of view, based on the content of astronomical knowledge and of course organized on the basis of astrological concepts and teachings, the astrologer predicts weather events (storms, rainfall, disasters, etc.), political and social situations (revolution, political developments, war, etc.) or personal affairs (marriage, childbirth, death, etc.). Powers and rulings and some other information show the happiness and sadness of the event or phenomenon. Astrology in its Iranian and Islamic position has the following branches:

A) Examining the changes and general events of the universe

b) Mowalid: prediction of events in the personal life of every human being

c) Problems: finding answers to some questions through the rules of astrology

t) Powers: Choosing the right time to start things like travel, war, etc.

In astrology, the nature of the planets (each planet has a nature that affects the events of the world), happiness and sadness, masculinity and femininity, diurnal and nocturnal (day and night), the nature of a planet based on the distance from the sun, fixed planets and their moods, the division of the zodiac into fixed, fixed, and transfixed, the division of the zodiac into male and female, their diurnal and nocturnal nature, the nature of the zodiac, The house assigned to each star, the sign of the star, trigonometry and the lord of each triangle, boundaries, etc. are the basis of judgment. Traces of astronomical rules can be seen in Indian, Greek and Persian astronomical traditions. The use of Tanjimi concepts in Hafez's poetry is not his belief, but it is a type of literary subtleties to make the words more pleasing.

* Can you give examples of astronomical and astrological rulings in Hafez Shirazi's poetry?

According to Ahvan Nazar, the lion "take the sun"

Break Jupiter's bow with two eyebrows!

From Tanjimi's point of view, the constellation Asad (Lion) is the house of Shams (Sun), which means that the sun is placed in the house of the Lion and this house is the place of wealth and wealth. The eunuch says to take the lion that is sitting in his house with the innocent and beautiful look of a bear! The house of Sagittarius (Archer and Azar Tower) is the abode of Jupiter, and on the other hand, as Jupiter, it also means the buyer, and since in Bait al-Tala, this house is the place of servants and slaves, and the buyer came and sat in this house to buy maids and slaves. So, with your two eyebrows, which are like a bow and arrow, attack this client who is also sitting in the house of Sagittarius and break his prosperous market!

In this verse, Hafez has given some interesting and attractive themes:

The innocent gaze of the deer, which has always caught the predatory lion, this time he has to be milked.

The sun that sits in the house of the lion refers to the beauty that sits in the house of the ruler.

He has likened the eyebrows to bows and arrows and sent them to fight in Sagittarius, which is the archer constellation, and he knows that Sagittarius has a bow; He has sent his audience to his fight with two eyebrow bows.

Sagittarius (Sagittarius), the ninth sign of the Sun, is a 30-degree arc from the ecliptic. This sign shows the orbit of the sun in the month of Azar for 29 days, 13 hours and 23 minutes.

Astrology or stargazing is the mode of observing and calculating the conditions of the stars and planets by an astrologer or an astrologer to report his findings. In this verse, the eye means the real organ, which is the instrument of vision and shows the toil of staying up at night and the suffering of long wakefulness, and it also means the astrologer's view and prediction of the current situation. This word has been seen once and only in this verse from Divan Hafez.

We have tested our "luck" in this city

You have to pull yourself out of this abyss

Don't let them bite you from the eyes of their "luck".

You have reached a good end in love

It was good for Hafez and good fortune

I loved the name of Omar and the government

Iqbal/Bakht and Adbar are two specific words in astrology and fortune-telling. The astrologers have divided the twelve houses of the horoscope into four watads: watd tala, watd gharb, watdalarz, watdalsama, and mile utad and zayl utad. Astrology has a special place in astronomical observations and astrological calculations. Astrologers believe that the placement of a star in the upper quadrant is a sign of good fortune, because the upper quadrant is the reason for existence, and the placement of a star in the lower quadrant is a sign of luck. Because ruined houses are the proof of ruin. The word "luck" is used 62 times in Hafez's court.

"Bad eye" brought back good division around Kazan

The evil eye is an injury that is believed to be caused by some people or animals looking at other people and animals as well as objects. The scarred eye is one of the oldest human beliefs and most likely the most widespread and common metascientific belief around the world. The main source of the evil eye is feeling jealous of good and desirable things, and its root has been considered as Harman. The word "bad eye" is used 9 times in Hafez's court.

I am begging you to see when you are drunk

To make the sky beautiful and rule the stars

The command to drive the stars is to overcome fate and destiny to show the power of reason and the authority of man.

Akhtar Badmehr was taken to the door

Yes, what should I do if the government was "moon round"?

From Tanjimidor's point of view, it is a certain period of time in which a state of astronomical states returns to its place. The cycle of the lunar months is 33 years. Lunar months, because they do not have a specific place in the seasons; Every 33 years they go through a round of seasons. From the literary point of view, the lunar cycle in Persian poetry is 7,000 years, of which 1,000 years is the owner of the action by itself, and 6,000 years with the participation of other planets.

Take the mist of a face and read a story

that "Saad" and "Nahs" are due to the influence of Venus and Saturn

According to Akhtaram Nazari, "Saad" is on the way

Between the moon and Rukh Yar, I was confronted

Another one of the most famous and frequent Tanjimi words is Saad and Nahs, which is used in terms of authority and length. Discretion is determining when there is no better time to do the work. Regarding horoscopes, they have also said that any horoscope whose all the reasons are solid and strong, the owner of this horoscope will have all kinds of happiness and blessings, and if it is against this, he will be unparalleled in cruelty and evil. Saad and Nahs are also attributes of planets in addition to stars. Astrologers consider Saturn and Mars to be negative in all situations. Saturn is considered to be the major sign and Mars is considered to be the minor sign. Jupiter and Venus are always happy. Jupiter is Saad Akbar and Zohra Saad is small. The moon is happy in its nature and because it has a fast celestial rotation; In comparison with other planets or in celestial towers or horoscope houses, it changes rapidly. In Tanjim, the words Saad Ajl, Saad Akbar, Saadan, Saad Falak, Saad Gardoun, etc. have a special interpretive position. In Persian poetry, Saad and Nahs and related issues are mentioned a lot.