Hitler's Philosopher

Farhad Hemmati writes: Heidegger, in addition to advancing Nazi goals at the university, controlled professors and students, and even spied on professors and submitted confidential reports. Like the case of Edward Baumgarten, a follower of John Dewey's pragmatism, which led to his expulsion from the university.

The Religion and Thought Service of Iran's Arjan Ambassador (Arjan Ambassador), Farhad Hemti, the researcher in the upcoming research, looking at the book "Heidegger and Nazism" written by Victor Farias, has discussed the views and practice of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in relation to the Nazis and their leader Hitler.

All democratic or authoritarian political movements and systems follow the same or at least similar mechanisms. For this reason, the mechanism of democracy in democratic systems is completely similar to each other. In the same way, power relations in authoritarian regimes are completely similar to each other. Despite the similar content, their forms can be different in different societies according to the conditions.

Appearances, excuses and tools can be different from one society to another according to culture and beliefs, but the mechanisms have been one and the same throughout history. In one place, race or nation is an excuse, in another place, class ideology is an excuse, and in the third place, religion becomes a tool.

These excuses and tools in each of these societies become the utopian ideology of totalitarianism, which is presented to society by authoritarian ideologues as the only way to save humanity.

Marxism and Communism, which tried to present themselves as science to the society and predicted the destruction of capitalist society as the last stage of class systems, and intended to build a society on earth free from class oppression and promised worldly heaven in the absence of the hereafter, ended up in the hell of Stalinism. In the hell of Stalinism, the science of genetics, because a priest (Gregory Mendel) discovered it, was considered a reactionary trick against materialism. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity was considered the last trick of the bourgeoisie against dialectical materialism and...

In a conversation with Werner Heisenberg, one of the greatest physicists and discoverers of quantum theory and indeterminacy, the Marxist-Leninist physicist named Blushinzo told him, "I don't accept the theory of uncertainty and quantum physics, because it is against dialectical materialism. Lenin said that every theory in science until the resurrection is discovered is a proof of dialectical materialism." Heisenberg says who is Lenin? I am having a scientific discussion with you, are you talking about your religion?

As an example, we focus on the Nazi movement and one of its justifiers, that is, Martin Heidegger, to show the content similarity of all totalitarian reactionary movements. As a great philosopher, Martin Heidegger justified Hitler's Nazism in thought and practice, and like a common person, he was fascinated by Hitler and praised him.

He was appointed as the president and lecturer of the University of Freiburg during the Nazi cultural revolution during the fascist regime of Hitler, while the majority of professors were purged and fired under various titles. He uses all his theoretical power to accompany the Nazis.

Wilhelm Stuchkart, the deputy minister and an important figure in the Nazi party, was the one who forced Heidegger's nomination to the university in 1933. His proposal to form (Culture) of the Reich professors was approved by professors and presidents of various universities affiliated with the Nazi party, including Heidegger.

After becoming president of Freiburg University, Heidegger remained a member of the Nazi Party and used to start and end his lectures with the Nazi salute.

Heidegger was present at the meeting of the philosophy of law committee of the German Academy of Law, which was attended by the leaders and lawyers of the Nazi party, including the number two man of this party, Alfred Rosenberg. In May 1934, in his first speech, Rosenberg expressed his religious approach to modern law as follows: "Justice is what the Aryan man expresses, oppression is what he considers cruel."

Hans Frank, who was executed as a war criminal at the Nuremberg Trials and was one of the key figures in Germany, chose Heidegger as one of the members of the committee for the philosophy of German law, which was based on soil and blood, race, the state, and the originality of the collective. The legal philosophy that was based on the purity of the German race and in harmony with the principles of the leader.

In addition to promoting the Nazi goals in the university, Heidegger also controlled the professors and students and even spied on the professors and gave confidential reports. Like the case of Edward Baumgarten, who followed John Dewey's pragmatism in philosophy, which caused him to be expelled from the university.

Hans Plishke, the head of the Köttingen Faculty, considers Heidegger a thinker who is ready to work towards a National-Socialist world view.

In defense of the originality (whole) and the abstract concepts of the nation and the negation of individuality and the acceptance of individual freedom and autonomy and even the originality of the state, Heidegger says in Hölderlein's lectures: "The truth of a nation is the manifestation of its existence as a (whole) based on which its maintaining, shaping and commanding forces are placed in their respective positions and reach harmony. The truth of a nation is the revelation of existence through which the nation knows what it wants historically by wanting to be itself. The existence of beings as that historical fact as a nation is realized with the foundation of the state and Hitler's power in the nation and the group according to its true essence.

It can be seen that the individual and individual freedom are not relevant at all in the totalitarian point of view, and the individual is only recognized by being a member of the authoritarian group. Nazi students, led by Heidegger, were mobilized to teach the workers the basics of socialism.

In the authoritarian thinking, socialism and even social justice have always been an excuse to consolidate and deepen authoritarianism and totalitarianism and erase democratic freedoms.

In his speech on October 30, 1933, at the opening ceremony of the sending of Nazi students to serve and work and train workers, Heidegger says: "The assignment of work must first of all enable our unemployed and destitute compatriots to live in the government and for the government and thus for the whole people. Our compatriots are a part of the farakhor system of our nation.

According to Heidegger, culture and the university as a member of the (whole) should serve the policies of Nazism. He continues: "In a political university with national-socialist ideals, theology faculty cannot be the central faculty. There are monasteries for these studies. This centrality belongs to that philosophy, only philosophy can unite the sciences.

It can be seen how his philosophy serves Hitler's goals and with the total originality of this philosophy, he expands the umbrella of his authority and intends to subjugate all sciences in the service of the imaginary utopia and exclude critical thinking and modern sciences.

According to Heidegger, the university must define itself in the new state. Today's student is no longer a bourgeois person who wanders around the university. He is doing his service, he is a member of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (SA) or (SS). National-socialist revolution is the complete reconstruction of human beings, students and young professors. Consolidation of the unity and integrity of the whole society in obedience to the leader is a historical mission that has been entrusted to the nation to present itself (the third way) to the world in a historical mission of Marxist and capitalist systems to save humanity.

Originality and historical mission is also one of the characteristics of any totalitarian thought. In Heidegger's thinking, to be historical means to be through knowing, this is a way to release the forces that have covered the past to the inevitable, the forces that engage us and are the great bearers of change. This knowledge is self (government). The state informs and integrates, and when we submit to it, we place ourselves within it as a (whole).

Forces, nature, history, technical developments, economy and the government itself are proven with a genuine struggle. In this way, we see that what makes people confident, bright and strong becomes objective and tangible. The objectivity of these powers is the criterion of truth. It is only through the government that we can achieve glory.

For Heidegger, philosophy is more than a way to annoy ignorance, bigotry, discover and acquire the truth, it is a tool to consolidate tyranny, dictatorship and a program to justify obedience to the leader and sanctify the totalitarian leader.

In this case, Heidegger says: "Philosophy, by its very nature, is the thoughtful opening of channels and perspectives of a kind of knowledge that is perfected by establishing a unified power of a nation as a whole to understand its existence in the spiritual-historical world."

In praising totalitarianism and Hitler's crimes, Heidegger says very clearly: "Don't let principles and ideas become the rules of your life. The leader himself, and only him, is the reality of future Germany and its law. Learn to always know deeply. Now every beginning requires determination and every action requires responsibility. Long live Hitler, university president, Martin Heidegger, service and sacrifice and service to Germany's most basic needs, Nazi students strive to be its intellectual workers.

According to Heidegger, freedom of thought and individual autonomy have no relevance. Individuals, especially students, must serve the leader and individuals identify as members of the ruling group. According to him, culture and university as a member of (the whole) should serve Nazi policies.

The National-Socialist revolution meant a radical transformation of the entire existence of Germany, which was also extended to the university by the likes of Heidegger.

According to Heidegger, the state informs and integrates, and when we surrender to it, we place ourselves inside it as a whole. Forces, nature, history, technical advances, economy and the state itself, are proven with a genuine struggle. Thus, we see that what makes people confident, clear and strong becomes objective and tangible.

In (The Open Society and Its Enemies), Popper criticizes Plato, Aristotle, Hegel and Marx for their authoritarian tendencies. But none of them have defended totalitarianism, fascism and racism with this volume and with Heidegger's frankness. The volume of his writings and statements in defense of Nazism is thousands of pages. In fact, by accepting the presidency of Freiburg University and his speeches in praise of Hitler, Heidegger has explained his philosophical foundations in (Being and Time). He discovers himself by supporting Nazism and comes out of hiding very eloquently and determined to reveal what was hidden in existence and time as the manifesto of fascism to his students and German society.

In this regard, Heidegger says: "Professors and students see themselves shoulder to shoulder in a battle... The former way of coexistence, that is, "alignment" will disappear as something negative. By obeying, educators and learners become one with the state, and a new way of being unfolds as a reality."

In expressing his racist nationalism, Heidegger says: "The soul speaks through the race, and the protection of soil and blood is a prerequisite for the development and expansion of the spiritual life of a nation.

The spiritual world of a nation is neither a superstructure of culture nor merely an arsenal of usable values ​​and knowledge; Rather, the power of protection is based on the power of soil and blood, the power of the innermost arousal and the deepest movement: the spiritual world alone gives greatness to a nation, because it forces it to make the final decision whether the will to greatness will become the law of the future history of our nation or the acceptance of decline? Although the soul is universal or should be universal, it is dependent on soil and blood and actually belongs to its German blood and homeland.

My interpretation is that the soul has a German homeland and must be universalized by Dasein and the leader through war.

Although Heidegger considers freedom to be an existential phenomenon, its scope is commitment and submission to the Nazi leader, and its other dimension is racist. He says: "True freedom is a sense of commitment and service:

The first is the commitment to the community of people. This obliges us to cooperate in the efforts, abilities, and aspirations of all classes and members of the nation.

Second, the commitment is to the honor and destiny of the German nation among other nations... Knowledge, ability, strength, and discipline must be at the service of the system.

The third duty of the students is to commit to the spiritual mission of the German nation in order to shape the future destiny of Germany.

In June 1933, Jaspers asked Heidegger in conversation: "How do you think an uncultured person like Hitler can rule Germany?" Heidegger replies: "Culture doesn't matter, look at its wonderful hands."

It is not surprising if the common masses or, in Heidegger's terms, people are attracted by the charismatic personality of a criminal like Hitler.