Directive on Cultivation of Poppy Substitute Crops Issued
The Director General for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs of the National Drug Control Headquarters announced yesterday the issuance of a directive on the regulated cultivation of industrial hemp and the regulation of Iranian poppy (Papaver bracteatum) cultivation under controlled conditions with the support of the Headquarters' secretariat. He said the aim is 'pharmaceutical production'.
The General Director of Legal and Legislative Affairs of the Anti-Narcotics Headquarters yesterday announced the notification of the instructions for the cultivation of industrial hemp and the regulation of the cultivation of Iranian anemone (bracteatum) with the support of the Secretariat of the Headquarters and under controlled conditions, and stated its purpose as "pharmaceutical products".
Citing information, Ambassador Arjan's Ghazlerash was informed that the instructions for the cultivation of industrial hemp and Iranian anemone under controlled conditions were announced yesterday, so that according to the relevant officials, from now on, we will witness its "allowed cultivation" in the country for medicinal purposes.
"Mohammed Tarhami", the General Director of Legal Affairs and Affairs of the Anti-Narcotics Headquarters yesterday announced the notification of the instructions for the cultivation of industrial hemp and the regulation of the cultivation of the Iranian anemone (bracteatum) with the support of the Secretariat of the Headquarters and under controlled conditions, and stated that its purpose is "pharmaceutical products".
With this directive, from now on, the cultivation of industrial hemp and Iranian anemone is allowed under controlled conditions, so that, according to the officials of the anti-narcotics headquarters, it helps to provide raw materials for drugs, reduce dependence on imports, develop transformation industries, and protect the genetic resources of native plants.
But the story is not limited to issuing a license for the cultivation of two types of plants; The main issue is determining a legal framework for the medicinal and industrial use of plants whose cultivation and exploitation have always been accompanied by legal and regulatory considerations due to the possibility of deviation. why now
The plan of controlled cultivation of these plants, contrary to what may seem like new news, is not a sudden decision. This issue was raised with the prohibition of poppy cultivation after the Taliban came to power in Afghanistan, because until now, the opium (substance obtained from the poppy plant) needed by the pharmacists was supplied from the drug discoveries made by the police, but now with the decrease in production in Afghanistan and the decrease in the discoveries, the pharmaceutical factories have problems in supplying this raw material. Therefore, Shahrivar last year, Hossein Zulfiqari, the representative of the president and the secretary general of the anti-narcotics headquarters, announced the study of the possibility of cultivating these plants to provide raw materials for drugs. Also, in June of this year, the news of the implementation of the Elifra anemone cultivation plan was published, and in August, the authorities announced the notification of instructions related to controlled cultivation. Now, in October, with the announcement of the regulation of the cultivation of industrial hemp and Iranian anemone, the executive and legal aspects of this policy have received more attention than before.
The main reason for this approach should be found in the country's pharmaceutical needs. Some of the drugs used in the treatment of patients, anesthesia and other medical services depend on raw materials that have a currency cost to provide. On the other hand, relying on external sources or supplying raw materials from unreliable routes makes planning for sustainable drug production difficult.
In such a situation, the controlled cultivation of plants with medicinal capacity can move part of the supply chain of raw materials inside the country; Of course, on the condition that the production is done according to the actual medicinal need and within a specific regulatory framework. In other words, the declared goal is not the general release of the cultivation of these plants; Rather, it is creating a legal path to provide the raw materials needed by the country.
Mohammad Tarhami explained about the instructions for the cultivation of industrial hemp: according to Article 28 of the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and domestic laws, specific criteria have been set to distinguish between industrial hemp and species that are cultivated for the purpose of producing psychoactive substances.
According to the statements of the General Director of Legal Affairs and Affairs of the Anti-Narcotics Headquarters, volunteer farmers can cultivate this plant by using certified industrial hemp seeds, with a "tetrahydrocannabinol" (THC) content of less than 0.3% and a predominance of cannabidiol (CBD) ratio, after receiving a license from the Provincial Agricultural Jihad Organization.
In this way, criteria have been determined to distinguish authorized industrial cultivation from those that may be carried out with unauthorized purposes. This regulation can also provide the context for the use of hemp capacities in the production of fibers, textiles, food products, sanitary materials and transformation industries.
Tarhami has emphasized that if there is a need to grow cannabis with a higher THC level for the production of medicinal substances, the rules related to the cultivation of anemones and the regulations approved in this field will be the criteria for action, and the steering and monitoring committee of the Headquarters Secretariat will also monitor the matter. Who gives permission?
Permitting cultivation does not mean issuing a general license to every farmer or every type of cultivation. According to Tarhami's explanations, in the case of industrial hemp, licensing is the responsibility of the Provincial Agricultural Jihad Organization, and the cultivation must be done with approved seeds and within the limits of the established criteria. In the case of Iranian anemone, the relevant instructions, with the notification of the representative of the president and the secretary general of the anti-narcotics headquarters, have specified the framework of cultivation to meet the country's medicinal needs. This distinction is important; Because the permissibility of cultivating a plant species for industrial or medicinal purposes should not be equated with the permissibility of the free cultivation of all similar species or the illegal production and extraction of narcotics. Drug laws are still in place and new licenses are only valid within the specified limits.
Iranian anemone; From harvesting from nature to planned cultivation, the other part of this decision is related to the Iranian anemone "Bracteatum"; A native plant that, according to Tarhami, can play a role in providing "Tabain", one of the raw materials used in the production of medicine.
According to him, in the past years, pharmaceutical companies used to collect car plants by local people to provide this substance; A method that, in addition to the difficulty in estimating the amount of the effective substance and planning to meet the medicinal needs, could damage the environment and the genetic reserves of this plant.
From this point of view, the planned cultivation of Iranian anemones pursues two goals: first, creating the possibility of a more stable supply of medicinal raw materials and reducing dependence on imports, and second, protecting the genetic resources of native plants by reducing the pressure caused by harvesting from nature. Tarhami also mentioned the experience of countries like Australia in the cultivation of species used to supply pharmaceutical raw materials, the development of indigenous and knowledge-based transformation industries and the creation of sustainable employment as other goals of this plan. Of course, a difference should be made between Iranian anemones (bracteatum) and Elifera anemones. Although both are mentioned in the discussion of providing medicinal raw materials, these two titles do not refer to the same plant species, and the criteria for their cultivation and medicinal use should not be assumed to be the same.
Despite the stated economic, pharmaceutical and environmental goals, the success of this policy depends on how the guidelines are implemented. Determining the type of seed, the area of cultivation, the amount of production, the method of harvesting and the route of transferring the product to the processing department are among the issues that must be managed in the framework of the licenses and supervision of the responsible institutions.
In fact, the mere determination of the permitted threshold of the active substance or the issuance of a preliminary permit alone does not guarantee the correct implementation of the plan. Effective monitoring should enable product tracking from planting to harvesting and delivery to authorized units and at the same time prevent damage to the environment, genetic resources and other agricultural capacities of the country.
These considerations are especially important because the development of the cultivation of a new crop, if done without an accurate assessment of the need, production capacity and agricultural consequences, may itself lead to the creation of new problems. Therefore, the amount of cultivation should be proportional to the real needs of the pharmaceutical industry and domestic production capacity.
Permitting the controlled cultivation of industrial hemp and Iranian anemone should be seen as an attempt to organize the medicinal and industrial capacities of these plants; A capacity that, according to officials, can help reduce dependence on imports, develop domestic production and protect native species. However, there is a gap between the notification of a directive and the realization of its goals, which can only be filled by the strict implementation of regulations and continuous monitoring. The measure of the success of this project will not be the number of licenses issued, nor the promise of self-sufficiency, but the reduction of drug dependence, the stability of the supply of raw materials, and the assurance of preventing any deviations in cultivation and harvesting. If these mechanisms are implemented properly, a potential capacity can become part of the drug production chain; Otherwise, the regulation of cultivation will remain as an administrative decision rather than having a practical result.
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