Conservative politicians

Ali Al-Dawood, a history researcher and member of the Supreme Scientific Council of the Islamic Encyclopaedia Center, said: "Many of today's young generation or intellectuals who are more left consider Foroughi to be the agent of England." This is despite the fact that, in my opinion, none of these families were agents, but they were patriotic people and supporters of Iran's progress, but they avoided harsh political actions and perhaps they can be considered conservative politicians.

Iran's Ambassador of Arjan's History and Politics Service, Tahira Mehri-Mohammed Hossein Foroughi (born Rabi-ul-Awl 1255 AH (June 1218) - passed away on 10 Ramadan 1325 AH - 25 Mehr 1286 A.D.) known as Foroughi and known as Dhuqa-ul-Mulk I, is considered to be one of the scholars of knowledge, knowledge and literature in the Qajar period. In his poems and writings, he called himself "literary". Naser al-Din Shah gave him the title of Foroughi. He is the father of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, a famous writer and politician, and Abolhasan Foroughi, a religious thinker.

Mohammad Hossein Foroughi was a professor of Persian literature at Tehran School of Political Science and the founder of Tarbiat newspaper, the first non-governmental newspaper in Iran. On the occasion of the 25th of October, the anniversary of the death of this personality, we had a conversation with Ali Al-Dawood, a history researcher and member of the Supreme Scientific Council of the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia Center, which you will read below:

What family did Mohammad Hossein Foroughi belong to and why was he called Zuqa-ul-Mulk?

The Foroughi family was one of the old Isfahan families and traders, their ancestor was Arbab Isfahani, who was also a man of culture and literature, and wrote a book about Isfahan, which was published a few decades ago, edited by the late Dr. Manouchehr Sotoudeh. The late Arbab had a son named Mohammad Hossein Foroughi. Of course, it goes without saying that Foroughi was the surname of Mohammad Hossein, because he used to write poetry, and Zaka-ul-Mulk was a nickname given to him by Naseruddin Shah. Zaka-ul-Molk Foroughi, Mohammad Hossein Khan also did business for a while at the beginning of his life and then entered the field of culture and science. He went from Isfahan to Tehran and entered the court of Naser al-Din Shah, and with the support of Mohammad Hasan Khan Etimad al-Sultaneh, he entered Dar al-Tarjmeh and Dar al-Talif Naseri.

Mohammad Hossein Foroughi built institutions, he was a translator, for example he translated the book Around the World in Eighty Days, he had valuable legal services. How can you approach this character from different aspects?

He was a virtuous and scholarly person, and for this reason, Etimadul-Sultaneh employed him in the department of the Ministry of Impressions, and it is even known that some of Etimadul-Sultaneh's works were written by Mohammad Hossein Khan Foroughi, but Etemadul-Sultaneh published under his own name. It is certain that all these books published under the name of Etimad al-Sultaneh are not all his own, as the late Allameh Qazvini pointed out in an article he wrote about a hundred years ago that some books were written by others and published under the name of Etimad al-Sultaneh.

I myself have given a report on this in an article named Afzal-ul-Molk Kermani, this Afzal-ul-Molk was in fact the deputy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and a personal linguist and vice-regent of Etimad al-Sultaneh. Afzal-ul-Molk, in his detailed biography that he wrote about himself, the copy of which is available in the Malik library and has not yet been published, states that Etimad-ul-Sultaneh wrote many books, but these books were written by me and others. Among other things, he mentioned Foroughi's name.

The difference that Mohammad Hossein Foroughi had with other members of Naseri Dar al-Tarjmeh, and that Etimad al-Sultaneh himself has pointed out, is that there was an intellectual aspect in his behavior and thoughts, and he felt the sadness of Iran. He was always thinking of finding ways, writing books and translating texts that would be effective in the development of culture and civilization in Iran. Because of this, he has always been suspected by Naseruddin Shah. Naseruddin Shah always looked at Foroughi's activities with a kind of skepticism, and once when the law newspaper of Malkam Khan, which had arrived in Iran from England, had a common member, and Foroughi was among them.

According to what Etimad al-Sultaneh wrote in his memoirs; Once, Mohammad Hossein Foroughi himself was suspected and persecuted, and he sat in Amin al-Sultan's barn to escape arrest. Apparently, he stayed in Amin al-Sultan's house for two months, after which he was saved from the danger of arrest with the intercession of Etimad al-Sultan and Amin al-Sultan.

In his memoirs, Etimadul-Sultaneh mentioned the activities of Mohammad Hossein Foroughi many times, and of course Etimadul-Sultaneh himself was afraid of Foroughi, who was careful not to do political things and not to cause trouble for him. In fact, Foroughi was the deputy of Etimad al-Sultaneh, and therefore he was afraid that Foroughi would engage in political activities and cause trouble for him. But the fact is that although Foroughi had intellectual traits, his actions were largely conservative. That is, he did not have the aspect of doing dangerous things or writing very sharp writings. Although he had a partnership in other newspapers, he had a newspaper called "Tarbit" which he was the editor of and published this publication for ten years.

Due to his caution and conservatism, Foroughi's newspaper was never banned during Naseri and Mozafari eras. Of course, this is a trait that generally existed in the Foroughi family. Mohammad Ali Foroughi, who was the eldest son of Mohammad Hossein Khan Foroughi, had this conservative method in politics, and because of this, others slander him a lot.

How do you analyze the character and performance of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, the son of Mohammad Hossein Khan, to what extent was he influenced by his father?

They say that Mohammad Ali Foroughi was a politician who was trusted by England and Reza Shah personally. Such words have been said repeatedly and were widely accused. Especially many of today's young generation or intellectuals who are more left-wing consider Foroughi to be the cause of England. This is despite the fact that, in my opinion, none of these families were agents, but they were patriotic people and supporters of Iran's progress, but they avoided harsh political actions and perhaps they can be considered conservative politicians.

Many of the politicians of the first and second Pahlavi period had this trait of Foroughis, they believed that Iran can progress if it moves with caution and not with haste. This is why people like Taghizadeh, Foroughi, Hekmat and others did many services, but their many services were by resorting to power, not by avoiding power. Unlike many other politicians, such as the leftist forces, Miliyon, Mossadegh, and the like, who moved in the opposite direction and adopted a different policy. Of course, it was common to accuse each of these. For example, the Foroughi family was accused for many years of being Anglophile and pro-British. In my opinion, none of these are true, and this is only because of the conservatism they adopted in political and social policy.

Anyway, Mohammad Hossein Foroughi was a very active person. He knew French and translated books. When the political science school was established in 1317, Foroughi was one of the most important people involved in this school. His son, Mohammad Ali Foroughi, was the head of this school for a long time, and many of the books that were taught in the high political school were written by this father and son. Especially Mohammad Ali Foroughi, who had a background in international law and economics, wrote books that were the beginning of new sciences in Iran at that time. Or they especially adapted and translated from various French books, and this caused Iranians to learn these knowledges.

Of course, later when the Faculty of Law was established, more books were written. Mohammad Ali Foroughi gave a detailed speech in 1314 and 1315 about the beginning of the knowledge of law and political science in Iran, which began with the school of political science and he and his father were the main founders. Hiring professors, many of whom came from France and elsewhere. Anyway, Mohammad Hossein Foroughi and his sons were among the founders of new sciences in the field of law and politics and to some extent economics in Iran.

What role did the other son of Mohammad Hossein Foroughi play in the culture and history of Iran and to what extent did he follow his father and brother?

His other son was Abul Hasan Khan Foroughi, who, of course, did not enter politics, and from 1300 to 1978, before the establishment of the University of Tehran, which was the establishment of Darul-ul-Mulemmin in Iran, Abul-Hassan Foroughi was the head of Darul-ul-Mulemmin, and many professors worked with him. He trained many students who later became great teachers. Abul Hasan Foroughi was one of the great professors in Islamic philosophy and Western philosophy. It is known that he wrote a work in French on philosophy, which is a very difficult book, and even the French themselves have said that it is difficult to understand the problem from this book, but there is a rumor that he was a very good professor in the field of philosophy. In the same field, we had a professor in the Faculty of Law who was a student of Abulhasan Foroughi and he said that "Abulhasan Foroughi's classes were very fruitful and every time we left the class, we felt that something had been added to our being", that is, he said things that were valuable. Unlike many professors who may have fluent and good lessons, but the knowledge they transfer to the student is small.

Another point is that Mohammad Hossein Foroughi's famous book "Haji Babai Isfahani" which Etimad al-Sultaneh had translated a part of, almost one-seventh of it and the unique copy of this book is available in the Majlis library. Mohammad Ali Foroughi has written in the margin of this book that Etimad al-Sultaneh started translating the book "Haji Babai Esfahani" into Persian, he got tired of the amount he translated and gave it to my father to correct it. Ten to twelve chapters of this book are available now. It has a very fluent and good essay. Mohammad Ali Foroughi believes; The prose of this book is written by his father. It means that it was translated by Etimad al-Sultaneh, but the essay of the book is written by Mohammad Hossein Foroughi. I published this version, which is about a hundred pages, a few years ago in Farhangistan Publications, and I have explained these contents there. In my opinion, this book is one of Mohammad Hossein Foroughi's good works.

In a way, it can be said that Mohammad Hossein Foroughi always remained in the shadow of his son Mohammad Ali Foroughi, how can this issue be analyzed?

Mohammad Ali Foroughi entered the world of politics and was superior to his father in terms of science and knowledge. It is true that he was a student of his father, but he was a student who knew about his father, he was elected as the prime minister three times in the field of politics. During the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, he became a minister several times, a member of the National Assembly twice, and the head of the Supreme Court once. Mohammad Ali Foroughi was one of the prominent activists and fighters of Iran's constitutional movement. He has written many books, "The Path of Wisdom in Europe" is the first book on the history of philosophy that he wrote in a very clear and clear language in Persian, and in many parts the terms used in the book were invented by Mohammad Ali Foroughi, this book is a very smooth and fluent book.

Foroughi has written many books in the field of philosophy and literature, and a collection of his lectures and notes are available, three volumes of his notes have been published so far, one volume was published by the efforts of the late Iraj Afshar and two volumes were published by the efforts of Dr. Mohammad Afshin Vafaei and Pejman Firouzbakhsh. They corrected three volumes of Saadi's generalities with the late Yaghmai. The first edition of this book was published in 1320, and after that, Saadi's generalizations, which Foroughi corrected, have been published hundreds of times by different people. Several volumes of Mohammad Ali Foroughi's essays have been published. As such, he should be considered one of the most prolific writers in Iran.

Even so, it seems like the professor has committed injustice against the Foroughi family?!

Extremism was due to their political nature. In every period, it is necessary to be reasonable with some people and not good with others. Anyway, due to their conservativeness in the field of politics, a group of Foroughis criticized them, even though they were unfairly or unfairly compared. In my opinion, the words that are said about them are not very true, and whoever examines the lives of some of their contemporaries, must have a comprehensive and complete view. It means that simply trying to examine a character based on ideological opinions about a subject will not get the right result. In any case, historians have different ideologies, and everyone considers their own opinions to be the most correct, and it is natural that when a person considers his opinions to be the most correct, he should reject others. Some who have strong revolutionary and leftist opinions, however, when it comes to examining the Foroughi family, they are forced to comment with a kind of hostility, and of course the opposite of this statement also applies.

While these words are not correct, I am not saying that all the things done by the Foroughi family are approved, they may also be criticized, but every work should be given the same value and raised. Not to see a mistake and want to reject the whole performance of the person. Anyway, the existing documents of the Foroughi family are very many, some of the documents were in America that were recently found and reached Iran and are being printed. Another quantity of documents was in the house of engineer Mohsen Foroughi, which was given to the art department. I don't know if they want to publish these documents or not. Anyway, these documents are available and all these documents should be published so that their lives can be examined impartially and impartially.

For example, one of the contemporary writers has a strange enmity with the Foroughi family. He also wrote a book cover about them which is very surprising, the whole book is biased. Even in my opinion, there is not a single sentence indicating disinterestedness or a correct opinion. This book has been released to the market and the author of this book who we are talking to defends his work with great prejudice. Knowing Foroughi requires an unbiased view.

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