The sky in Hafez's art; From the dance of the stars to the chronology in the court of Khwaja Shiraz
In the second part of the discussion, Seyyed Hojatul Haq Hosseini analyzed the exact reflection of astronomical terms, lunar rituals and ancient chronologies in Hafez's verses and showed the deep connection between Hafez's poetry and ancient astronomy.
Arjan Ambassador of Culture and Literature Group, Tahereh Tehrani: Khwaja Hafez of Shiraz is not only a scholar of Ghazal poetry, but he was well acquainted with the knowledge of his time, especially astronomy, astrology and calendrography. In Diwan Hafez, the specialized terms of astrology such as "comparison", "competition", constellations such as Gemini and Surya, and various chronologies such as the month of Adhaar, lunar and religious months, have been used with such skill and artistic imagery that they have turned his poetry into a treasure of cosmic knowledge. In the first part of the conversation with Seyyed Hojjat-ul-Haq Hosseini, we had reached the solar calendar and its related terms in Hafez Court. In this part of the dialogue with other chronologies, the visible and hidden angles of this knowledge and astronomical effects have been examined in the mirror of Hafez's poetry:
* Has another chronology been used in Hafez's court?
The "Adhari" cloud rose and the Nowruz wind blew
I want money and the narrator says it arrived
Adar in Hebrew and Azar in Arabic is the twelfth month of the religious year in the Hebrew calendar. This month is in winter and has 29 days. In a leap year, this month appears 30 days earlier and is called Adar A or Adar Rishon (first Adar) and the month after that is called Adar B or Adarshani. Adar 1 and 2 occur during February and March in the Gregorian calendar.
The Hijri calendar is based on the rotation of the moon, which is used by Muslims in many Islamic countries as a religious calendar and in a few cases as a civil calendar. Religious rites and individual and social worship are organized based on this calendar. The beginning of the Hijri chronology is the first Friday of Muharram in the year 1 Hijri, and its origin is the same as the solar Hijri chronology, the migration of the Prophet (PBUH). In this calendar, each year has 12 months, each of which is 29 or 30 days long depending on the lunar month. A crescent moon is one revolution of the moon on its orbit between the time interval of observing two crescents, the average length of which is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 2 seconds. The length of the true lunar year is 354 days, 8 hours and 35 seconds, which does not mean a leap in this way of recognizing the year. The names of the months of this chronology are: Muharram, Safar, Rabi al-Awwal, Rabi al-Thani, Jumadi al-Awwal, Jumadi al-Thani, Rajab, Sha'ban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Dhu Qadah and Dhu Hijjah.
I was crazy about writing "new moon"
He raised his eyebrows and frowned and closed his eyes
Chu "new moon" for poor observers
Zand on the corner of the eyebrow and in the niqab
Bring a butler to tell you a secret
From the head of the ancient stars and "new moon"
Istihlal is trying to meet the crescent moon (new moon). This work has astronomical scientific value. Because the lunar month may be 29 or 30 days long and meeting the new moon is sometimes associated with difficulty and astronomical calculations. From a religious point of view, it is considered an important and recommended work. All religious occasions and individual and collective devotional ceremonies are based on the lunar calendar.
It was the morning of Friday the 16th of Rabi Awl
The sadness of that month disappeared from my heart
to the year seven hundred and sixty-four of Hijra
Cho water came to me to solve the story of the problem
"Rose" is a dear guest, O heart
His speech is a blessing and a tip
The "fasting" ended and the Eid came and the hearts rose
The table of Khumkhaneh boiled and it should be asked
The month of Sha'ban is from the cup of the sun
It will be "Ramadan" until the night of Eid
May they sell love in the Mastaba
Give us two or three Saghar and say "Ramadan".
I said, O "Sham Ghariban", you are the same color
Be careful at dawn because this is strange
The prayer of "Sham Ghariban" begins with crying
I will tell stories about strange hairs
Come to "Sham Ghariban" and see my water
Like a clear wind in the Shami water
It is a special religious ceremony for Imamiyya Shiites, which is held on the evening of the Ashura day of Hazrat Imam Hussain (pbuh).
What a blessed morning it was and what an auspicious night
That "Shab Qadr" that they just gave me
That "night of fate" that they say is the night of solitude
Bro, in which star is this influence of the government?
It is "Shab Qadr" and the letter of hijr has been passed
Shab al-Qadr is one of the nights of Ramadan, which is the most blessed night of the year according to Muslims. One of the surahs of the Quran called Qadr describes this night.