Why and How Did the Safavids Come to Power?

'Political and Religious Foundations of the Establishment of Iran's First Shia State' is an insightful study that, drawing on credible historical sources, examines the political, social, and religious processes and developments that paved the way for the rise of the Safavid dynasty in Iran.

The History and Politics Service of Iran's Ambassador of Arjan, Tahira Mehri - The book "Political and Religious Grounds of the Establishment of the First Shiite Government in Iran" by Amir Timur Rafiei was published by Soroush Publishing House.

"Political and religious contexts of the establishment of the first Shiite government in Iran" is an in-depth research that, relying on reliable historical sources, examines the political, social and religious processes and developments that led to the emergence of the Safavid government in Iran. This book traces the formation of Shiite thought and culture from the early Islamic centuries to the 8th and 9th centuries of Hijri and analyzes the role of Alawite migration, the scientific and missionary efforts of Shiite scholars, and the political developments after the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate in the spread of Shiism in Iran. The authors show how following the emergence of Shia Sufi currents and the support of some local rulers, the necessary social and intellectual foundation for the establishment of Shia religion was provided, and finally, Shah Ismail Safavi was able to establish the first Twelver Shia government in Iran.

Amirtimur Rafiei is a university professor and a specialist in the history of the Timurid period. Four books and sixty scientific articles have been published by this history researcher, which is the result of more than 30 years of teaching and research in the field of Iranian history.

This book is about understanding the history of Shiism in Iran in the Middle Ages and how the first Shiite government was formed in that era.

In "Amir Choupan's role in consolidating the power of Ilkhans", we read: "Amir Choupan was one of the great Mongol amirs who played an important role in consolidating the rule of Ilkhan Abu Said." During the time of the previous Ilkhans, he was a fearless and brave commander and at the same time a great politician who had proven his worth many times in different fields. For this reason, during the reign of Abu Said, due to his young age, he became the real ruler of the country and managed the country with the utmost power and ability. He has played a role in the rebellions of domestic opponents as well as the aggression of foreign rulers as one of the main factors in suppressing them, and he was highly regarded for his outstanding efforts in sensitive political and military situations.

What is proved by studying the history and history of the past nations is that the presence of influential people in the government apparatus of the rulers has not been unaffected in the process of events in all eras. It is safe to say that sometimes the fate of a dynasty or the reign of a king has undergone great changes due to their presence. Ilkhans were no exception to this rule. By studying the events of this era, the name of Amir Chopan appears many times in the rule of different patriarchal kings. It can be said that Amir Choupan was among the people who had an effective presence in different periods of Ilkhanate rule, especially Sultan Abu Saeed's rule. His influence during the reign of Abu Said is so great that he can be considered the real ruler of the Sultanate.

The unstable political-military situation during Abu Saeed's rule caused the rebellion of domestic opponents and the aggression of foreign rulers, which were the two most important threatening factors during Abu Saeed's rule. By defeating the aggression of foreign rulers such as Shah Dasht Qabchag and suppressing those who opposed the government, Amir Chupan had a great impact on the consolidation of the Ilkhanate's rule, because for a long time the opponents did not have the courage to rebel or revolt within the boundaries of Sultan Abu Saeed's rule. The defeat of the opposing commanders and the killing of their elders greatly increased the shock and dignity of Amir Chopan in the eyes of Abu Said. At this time, Amir Chopan was at the height of his power, and the division of power between him and his children kept the way of intrusion and rebellion closed for a long time, so that with the renewed attack on Elus Khans of the Qabchag plain and the victory of the Ilkhani army, Abu Said was relieved of the danger of aggression and rebellion for a long time.

According to the studies conducted in the sources of the Mughal and Timurid eras, there is no mention of his place of birth and the period before his entry into politics. Regarding his ancestry, which is briefly stated in some sources, it seems that his people were a branch of the Turkic and Mongol tribes, which were called Seldus Selduz; A tribe of Mongolian Turks, whose nickname was Mongol in ancient times, and many tribes were born from them. His great-grandfather was named Surghan Shire, who was noticed by Genghis Khan because he had freed Genghis from the captivity of the Taijiut people and because of this, he had separated from his people and moved with his family. Later, Genghis also showed respect to him and his children by taking the seat of power. In this way, the influence of the shepherd family in the patriarchal government system was provided.

Hafiz Abro wrote about Amir Chopan's personality traits and actions that he had a very good character and was a Muslim who believed in the principles of Sharia. He was good-natured and had the right belief. You constantly pay attention to performing obedience and worship. He never drank wine and never completed a rakat of his prayers. He left many works. The buildings built by him on the way to Egypt and Syria are still standing. Amir Chopan brought water to Makkah by reviving the Zubaidah canal, which resulted in an increase in water and its cheapness during Hajj. This water was so sufficient and plentiful that vegetables were grown abundantly in the city.

The book "Political and Religious Fields of Establishing the First Shiite Government in Iran" written by Amirtimur Rafiei and the collaboration of Ismail Sakha was published in 609 pages, 300 copies, by Soroush Publications.

Saeb Tabrizi and Bidel Dehlavi, two pillars of Indian style, have followed two different paths in Iranian music; Saeb has been a poet accepted by Iranian singers for a long time, and during the "Flowers" era, he reached the ears of generations with the voice of singers such as Mahmoudi Khansari, Shahidi, Qavami, Golpayegani and Banan, but Bidel remained on the sidelines for decades. It started with Hossein Zaman in the 1370s and continued in the following decades with Iftikhari, Esfahani, Vahid Taj and Hosamuddin Siraj, and in 1404 it reached "Jehan Setm" with the voice of Homayun Shajarian.

Golestan- The official of the production and publication committee of the 2nd National Congress of 4,000 Martyrs of Golestan province, pointing out that the events of this committee are defined in the form of 10 axes, said: In the written productions section, so far, 138 works have been defined in 6 sections, of which 76 works will be published after the congress.

Golestan- The unveiling ceremony of the book "Smile of the Rain" was unveiled while officials and people of culture believed that the future of Iran is in the hands of talented children and teenagers who have been working hard since childhood to play a role in their favorite fields.

Zanjan - The third day of the 11th Zanjan Book Fair emphasized the importance of books in strengthening social capital by holding a special program called "Abhar Culture Day", a specialized session on the history of the printing industry and welcoming various people.

The unveiling ceremony of the book "From Dirt to Dirt" containing the experience of the management of Behesht Hazrat Zahra organization during the Second Imposed War was held in Behesht Zahra.

The 55th "Documentary Nights" session of the Iran Cinema Museum was dedicated to the investigation of various aspects of the ancient religion of Mashhad Ardahal carpet washers and its historical, social and cultural transformations, with the screening of two documentaries, "Ardahal Bazaar" by Farhad Varahram and "Blood in the Carpet Flower" by Amir Qasem Razi.

The book "Scientific Mission in Iran - Geographical Studies" is the result of Jacques de Morgan's observations and field investigations and provides information about geography, travel routes and conditions, natural features and aspects of the social and cultural life of the Iranian people at the end of the Qajar period.

The book "Silent Steps", containing the memoirs of the martyr Major General Mohammad Bagheri, was published.

"The salvation of our civilization depends on the choice of degrowth. According to Saito, degrowth does not necessarily mean stagnation, decline and shrinking of the economy. In fact, the paradigm in which only economic growth is a priority, the growth that is accompanied by the unlimited production of luxury and useless goods, must be fundamentally changed. Marx thinks that the solution lies in repairing the metabolic gap between man and nature, that is, in "work".

Saeed Hamidian, professor of Persian language and literature at Allameh Tabatabai University (RA), said in the commemoration ceremony of Hafez Shirazi: Hafez research has been associated with valuable achievements in our time, but along with these studies, wrong perceptions and hasty interpretations have also spread about Hafez's poetry and thought, which should be addressed with a scientific and critical perspective.

The editor of the story collection "Dawaze Khan" said: What does the term "anti-war" mean? If "anti-war" means against war, yes! We are definitely against war and are not warmongers. But if "anti-war" means anti-defense, no! We were not the country and nation that attacked, but we were the country that made martyrs from its highest officials to its ordinary people.

Iran was one of the countries that has been a pioneer in using plants for treatment for a long time due to its climate diversity and the presence of more than eight thousand plant species.

Zanjan - The director general of Zanjan prisons announced the implementation of the "Book Vow" campaign at the 11th book fair of this province with the aim of improving the per capita reading of the inmates.

Aref Masoudi said: Basically, the key point of Bragg's methodology, which is very attractive to me, is his critical stance against stereotyped, convenient and simplistic narratives. In a way, he is de-ideologising the philosophical field. In his narrative, Bragg is exactly in the middle of these two legends (the legend of the absolute dark age against the legend of the absolute golden age).

West Azerbaijan- At the same time as the 20th of October, the commemoration day of Hafez Shirazi, the manuscript of "Divan Hafez" in the museums of West Azerbaijan was unveiled.

Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad - Hafez Day commemoration ceremony titled "Dar koi niknami" and with the aim of analyzing the thoughts of the hidden language and the place of Persian poetry in Iranian identity, was held in the presence of the people of pen and thought in Yasouj Art Cinema Hall.

Azadeh Latifkar considers Deets scrolls as one of the lesser-known but important sources for the study of Iranian painting in the Ilkhanid period, a collection that has double importance in the study of art history due to the complex historical path that it traveled from Iran to the Ottoman Empire and then to Berlin.

Behind every image of a child presented in the story, there is a view of the child's place in the family, school and society. Children's literature can show the child as a being who needs support or recognize him as a human being who needs support and has rights. This difference is very important from the point of view of children's rights.

Hamedan- Hamedan province, with an ancient background in the history and civilization of Iran, these days hosts a comprehensive narrative of its historical and cultural identity in the form of an encyclopedia of the province's culture, civilization and celebrities; A collection that collects hundreds of research works in the fields of history, geography, celebrities, rituals, language and art, tries to record the heritage of this land and pass it on to future generations.

Kermanshah - Kermanshah has been the subject of many researches and writings over the years, and part of the history, culture, society and identity of this land has been recorded in books and written sources. However, what has been collected and researched so far is not the end of the way to know Kermanshah. Among the sources collected for researchers, there are still parts of the history and identity of this province that need to be studied, recorded and documented; A problem that highlights the need to pay attention again to the assets and gaps of the sources of Kermanshah history.

Fatemeh Sadat Mirrezi said: When a historian starts the history of Islam from creation, brings it to his own time through the history of prophets and previous nations, and then places it on the horizon of the end of time, he is actually not just reporting the past; Rather, it also interprets its present time in a larger historical whole.

With the presence of professors of Persian language and literature, the unveiling meeting and signing ceremony of "One went, one came, and other new works by Sadegh Hedayat" will be held.

Mehrangiz Akhavi: Sometimes a good story, without directly talking about friendship, courage, acceptance of differences or responsibility, puts these concepts in the child's life. In my opinion, a story that prompts a child's mind to move after the end can have a deeper and more lasting impact than dozens of educational sentences.

Khorasan Razavi - The 19th of October 1405 is the 87th anniversary of the birth of the poet, researcher and scholar of Iranian literature and citizen of Neyshabur, "Mohammedreza Shafiei Kodkani". The following picture shows the graduation certificate of this enduring figure of Iranian literature from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, which was issued in June 1344, with a score of 19 in the field of Persian language and literature. A document from the scholarly days of a man whose name still shines in the sphere of poetry and literary research in Iran and the world.

Amiri Tehrani said: The ancient works and historical documents cited by the speakers are a reflection of the spirit of Iranian culture and thought, which has been manifested in the civilizational background of this land, including the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. A culture and thought that has continued since ancient Iran and has guaranteed the continuity of the Iranian world.

What is the story? A false and colorful story that historians have added to history in order to attract a general audience, or the story behind a hidden and unofficial curtain of historical events that has been removed from historical books by censorship or censorship?

The National Committee of the Nobel Laureate Prize in Iran published the call for the first round of the 2026 International Nobel Laureate Prize in the fields of literature and visual arts.

Farhad Hemmati wrote: In addition to advancing the Nazi goals in the university, Heidegger also controlled the professors and students and even spied on the professors and gave secret reports. Like the case of Edward Baumgarten, who followed John Dewey's pragmatism in philosophy, which caused him to be expelled from the university.

Khuzestan- The book "Mozban Khan Sukund", a historical account of the participation of the Sukund family in some political movements at the end of the Qajar period until the years of the Pahlavi period, has been published by Gholam Ali Izadi, a writer from Khuzestan.