From Ancient Zoroastrian Villages to the Towers of Silence

The book 'Yadegar-e Nik' reflects part of the Zoroastrian community's efforts to preserve the culture and history of Iran and Yazd. It shows the cultural and social connection and alignment between Zoroastrians and Muslims in Yazd. 'Yadegar-e Nik' reminds us of the memories, smells and tastes, sights, sounds, and names of those who were and have passed on.

The History Service of Ambassador Arjan of Iran (Ambassador of Arjan): Anahid Khazir: the book "Good Yadgar"; "Sixty Speeches about the Zoroastrians of Yazd" written by Hossein Masrat contains the speeches that the author of Andakandak has written since 1364 and is now available to the readers in the form of a book by Hiromba Publishing. As can be seen in some speeches, the dates are for the same years, and maybe some libraries have been closed for years and maybe their books have been scattered. However, it is a reflection of the Zoroastrian society's efforts in preserving the culture and history of Iran and Yazd, and there are still a thousand uneaten winds in the vine.

In the second edition, in the adult section, the life of Professor Shahriar Hirbad and deep researches in the field of Zoroastrians of Yazd, Khodadad Khanjari, Farzanae Deshmand, Dariush Mehrshahi, a detective geographer from the people of Yazd, Diniyar Shehzadi, Mehraban Yazdi archaeologist, the biography of Arbab Kikhusro Mehraban, the founder of Kikhosravi High School, the life and works of Ardeshir Khaze and Nasimi, Farzanaei Farhikheta, are discussed. is

In the cultural institutions section of Khodadadi Khorramshah Primary School of Yazd, the wish left by Azar Yazdi, Ki Khosravi High School, the first high school of Yazd, the Maryamabad Zoroastrian Association Library of Yazd, the Ahnoud Qasimabad Library, the Rostam Narsi Abad Hall Library, the Zoroastrian Library of Koche Buyuk, the Nahid Khoramshah Library and the Horsht Library.

In the other part of the book, he discussed the bibliography of Ki Khosravi High School, the works of Ardeshir Khaze and Zoroastrians of Yazd province. Also, in the identification section of the book, he discussed the books of Abhatt, religious minorities of Yazd, Mehrgan connection, history of Allah Abad Rastaq, Yazd orator's book, Ardeshir Khaze's memoirs, Rostam Shapur Mehr's memoirs, Behdinan culture, Zoroastrian culture of Yazd, Golbanu, the story of the suffering of a people, Gohar Pak, Mehrgan song, and Behdinan dialect dictionary of Yazd city.

In the section on beliefs about the sanctity of water, yesterday's challah, today's Yalda and Nowruz, there is a link between Islam and Zoroastrianism, and in the other section of the speeches, there are some points about the Zoroastrians of Yazd province, a trip to the Sheriff's farm, an old village in Yazd province, and a report from Allahabad Rastaq.

Behnam Mubarakeh, director of Hirmoba publishing, wrote in the introduction of the book: "When you stay away from your hometown, you call it by many different names; Names of memory; Names derived from smell and taste; Names of things seen and heard; names of those who are and those who are gone; Names from... We are all curious to know where our family and ancestry come from. Especially we Zoroastrians who were born in Yazd; We also know that our relatives once upon a time, from somewhere in this vast land, to escape from oppression and protect the religion, they endured the hardships of migration and gathered in the center of Iran.

Achieving the right knowledge of where we came from is a little expensive nowadays, but it is not far from reach. But without any cost, I knew from my childhood that my starting point in Yazd is Bahman maternity hospital. A maternity hospital founded by a Zoroastrian. I spent my childhood in a village where I played with Zoroastrians and Muslims. Although in those days, Zoroastrians endured wounds from Muslims relying on certain beliefs, but on the other hand, I have witnessed their always respectful and unsolicited treatment of Zoroastrians and especially their religious customs.

Apart from religious and social buildings, Zoroastrians in Yazd have built many public buildings such as reservoir, hospital, school, library, park, etc. "Dahesh" and "waqf" should be considered as an inseparable character of Zoroastrians, which has remained stable since ancient times and Zoroastrians consider themselves to be its leaders.

Today, the world and life has taken a rapid acceleration in transformation; Therefore, perhaps less attention has been paid to the value of possessions and even lost possessions. It is good to mention these capitals in a way to familiarize young people and record them in the future. Hossein Masrat, a well-known Yazdi writer and researcher, has this fear and concern from his heart; He has done something with "Good Yadgar" of Karstan. In my opinion, Mr. Mesrat, with the concern of a Zoroastrian, has included and perpetuated what Zoroastrians of today and the future should know in the "good monument". May his hand be green.

"Good monument" shows the connection and cultural and social alignment of Zoroastrians and Muslims of Yazd. "Good souvenir" reminds us of the memories, smells and tastes, sights and sounds, and names that were and are gone. Undoubtedly, "Yadgar Nik" will be a clear and needed source for every writer who will write about Yazd in the future.

Hossein Masrat says: Iran's Zoroastrians, especially those of Yazd, have a long-standing and unbreakable bond with the people of other Yazd groups. The name of Yazd was derived from the name of an angel named Yazet, and this piety has been in the character and actions of the people of this region for many years. The Zoroastrians of Yazd have been living harmoniously with Muslims and Jews in this land for centuries and have done many valuable things for the comfort and peace of Ambassador Arjanan and their fellow countrymen, the number of which is beyond measure. Dozens of educational centers such as: kindergarten, primary school and high school; Dozens of urban, rural and highway reservoirs; several clinics, hospitals and libraries; Donation of the land of Bostan Markar or Big Shahr (by the Zoroastrian Association of Yazd on behalf of the Zoroastrian Association of Mumbai); Dehesh (endowment) of the great tomb of Khald Barin (by Ardeshir Amanat and his children); Assistance in the construction of Yazd University (especially the Faculty of Natural Resources) (from the Zoroastrian Association of Yazd and Mumbai); A corner of these efforts and efforts of the Zoroastrians of Yazd.

Not only Zoroastrians of good speech, good thinking and good deeds live in this city, but thousands of Yazdi Parsis (Zoroastrians) live in India as well as in the big cities of Iran such as: Isfahan, Ahvaz, Tehran, Shiraz and a lot of Yazdi Zoroastrians in European countries (especially England, Denmark, France, Holland), Canada, Australia, America (especially California) and Pakistan, who are the founders of the biggest cultural enterprises, Charity, economic, commercial, agricultural and social activities, all of which have Yazdi symbols and suffixes and are a source of pride for the name of Yazd, and are still involved in the development of this province with their attachment to their hometown.

The author, I was born in 1339 AD in one of the Zoroastrian charitable institutions of Yazd, Bahman Maternity Hospital (founded by Ghstasb Pour Khodadad himself, Kolah Kuche Beyuki, named after his failed son Bahman in 1316 AD), and I have been referred to Goderz Hospital many times; I consider myself indebted to these good thoughts. Many years ago, in the speech "My city of Yazd" in Yazd book, Yadgar Tarikh, I said: "If you come with me: I will take you to a feast of fire and frankincense in the holy shrine of Ahura, where old Mobed, in white clothes, recites the bright verses of the Avesta." I will take you to Taft, to the feast of ruby ​​seeds and pomegranate leaves, under the shade of Shirkuh, where Zoroastrians speak the language of our ancestors and their women wear green dresses full of lilies and jasmine."

Zoroastrians, who are one of the oldest people of Yazd, always include a population of between 8 and 10 thousand people, some of whom have moved to Tehran and some to other cities of Gati. They have been adhering to their religion, rituals and methods for centuries and worship, pray and celebrate in fire temples, shrines and shrines.

Although the Zoroastrians of Yazd are scattered in the city of Yazd, they are mostly in Barzans of Dasturan (Mobdan), Pusht Khan Ali, Borzi (Salsbil) and villages adjacent to Yazd such as: Ahrestan, Khorramshah, Khairabad, Rahmatabad, Aishabad, Qasimabad, Kesnavieh (Kahno), Koche Beyuk, Gudal Shahriari, Lord Asiyab, Tel, Akbarabad, Mohammadabad (Mandwa). are or were residents of Maryamabad, Mehdiabad (Gholabad), Narsiabad (Nasrabad), Nusratabad and Naimabad (Abshahi) and in Ardakan cities (especially in the villages of Turkabad and Sharifabad); Ashkazar (Jafarabad, Hosseinabad, Asrabad); Taft (especially in the villages of Baba Khandan, Bagh Golestan and Rahat Abad and the villages of Cham, Hosseini, Zain Abad and Mubarke) and Zarch (especially in Allah Abad); Maybod (especially Hasanabad, Aliabad and Kalantar Farm) lived or are living. (because some villages have been emptied of Zoroastrians); And on top of that, 14 dynamic Zoroastrian associations are active in Yazd province.

Mubarakeh is one of the five villages of Taft city. This village leads from north to Cham village and south to Taft city. The founder of Mubarakeh village was called "Marzban Zahrab" who was a resident of Kesnoye Yazd. We do not know the exact date of his birth, as much as we know that he lived at the end of the reign of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar and the beginning of the reign of Fath Ali Shah. The chaos of the situation at the beginning of the reign of Fath Ali Shah and the autocracy of the local rulers who had harassed and oppressed the Zoroastrians, prompted Marzban Zahrab to build a new village with the capital of "Ardeshir Dadishit" for the settlement of Zoroastrians who were in remote villages and far away from their fellow believers.

Bozarjamehr Parkhideh says about the history of the Bahman maternity hospital in Yazd: For almost more than a century, and much earlier, Zoroastrians wore special clothes made of white linen to distinguish themselves from others and to be recognized as Zoroastrians. The first thing that was done to unify the clothes was to change the clothes of the students of the Zoroastrian schools in Kerman from "gabba and wide turban and felt hat" to "military style clothes", it was done by Arbab Ki Khosro. After some time, Arbab Ki Khosro during his journey back from America, in 1297 AH. He traveled with Arbab Rostam Shahjahan and encouraged Arbab Rostam to change clothes in Yazd. But Yazd was not like Kerman. After the change of clothes in Yazd, Zoroastrians were banned from food, medicine, doctors, etc. and even Jewish doctors also boycotted Zoroastrians, and a great uproar was raised in Yazd. At the time of this change of clothes and boycott of Zoroastrians, Fereydon Kiyamanesh, principal of Khosravi Primary School, Sohrab Sefarang, principal of Deiniari Primary School, and Bastan G. Tasker, representative of Ekaber Sahib Parsian Hind, were the principals of Ki Khosravi School in Yazd, and they all decided to dress the Zoroastrian students in uniform.

At the same time, in order to focus on helping and organizing aid, Parsi elders and benefactors, including Postan Ji Khursheed Ji Irani and Dinshah JJ Bai Irani, the solicitor, gathered and established the Zoroastrian Association of Iran-Bombay under the chairmanship of Postan Ji Khurshid Ji Irani in 1918 AD. They founded in Mumbai. The formation of this association was equal to the banning of Yazd Zoroastrians from medicine and medicine, buying and selling, etc. At that time there was no doctor among Zoroastrians. This issue came to the attention of the newly established Iranian-Bombay Association. The Bdrang Ravanshad Association sent Dr. Jamshid Patel to Yazd with a large amount of medicine from Bombay and opened the "Sarratn Tata" and "Dina Bai Desai Pharmacy" (to provide free medicine) in 1298 AH. This clinic and pharmacy was the first health institution in Yazd. At that time, in Yazd, the only British Merslin Hospital, whose land had been donated by Goders Mehraban Rostam, reduced the suffering and pain of the people to some extent.

When Patel left for India to get married, Dr. Gouders, the brother of Postan J, came to Iran and served in the office until Dr. Jamshid's return. After three years, Dr. Jamshid Patel returned to India with his wife and child, and Dr. Sohrab Watchagundi took his place. After him, Dr. Manouchehr Rostam G. Vesona served on two occasions and each time for three years and added to the reputation of the clinic. When he returned to India, the association assigned Dr. Zal to serve in Yazd and he stayed there for two years. At this time, Dr. Khosrow Khosravi completed his medical studies at Bombay University and was sent to Yazd by the Zoroastrian Association of Iran-Bombay. Upon his arrival, in 1316 A.H. The Bahman maternity hospital, the land of which was donated to the Irani-Bombay Association by the happy children of Ardashir Mehraban Rostam, was opened with the efforts and generosity of the owner of Ghstasb Khodadad Khodi Kolah Kuche Beyuki, which was built in the name of his unsuccessful son Bahman. The office of "Serratn Tata" was also moved to the building known as the former telegraph house of the British, which was purchased in the same year from the good fortune of Gestasb Khodadadi Khodi Kolah and handed over to the Iranian-Bombay Association. The equipment and all the necessary items were bought from Bombay and brought to Yazd by Khodadad Khodi Kolah Police.

Dr. Khosro Khosravi for twelve years, until 1328 AH. He managed both institutions with dignity and in his absence (traveling to India), Dr. Mehdi Rashti kept the maternity clinic open. Dr. Khosravi wanted to stay in Tehran, so Dr. Khodarahm Rais Bahrami ran the clinic and maternity hospital for three years. After him, Dr. Farrokh Bahman Jamshidi took charge of affairs. At this time - unfortunately, due to the cut and removal of funds sent from Bombay, medical institutions stagnated. In 1325 Arbab Shahjehan Gouders and his brothers opened a free clinic in Yazd city by Dr. Kabuli and laid the foundation of the Gouders hospital building and in 1327 AH. It was opened under the supervision of Dr. Bahram Porosheb. Gooderz Hospital in 1328 AH. started working

With the opening of Shir and Khurshid Red Sun maternity hospital, Zoroastrians from the city and the countryside used to visit it. Simin Khanum Sahaniya was the head of it, and Zoroastrians were provided with equipment, hospitality, and free medicine. In order to expand its space and work, this maternity hospital wrote a letter to the Zoroastrian Association of Iran-Bombay through the Iranian embassy in Delhi and the Mumbai consulate, and the Bahman maternity hospital was handed over to Shir and Khurshid Red under a ten-year contract. Due to the lack of funds, Bahman maternity hospital in January 1333. Inevitably, it closed down and only "Serratan Tata Office" remained open until 1334. It was still standing.

With the opening of the well-equipped and dignified Gouders Hospital by the brothers Arbab Shahjahan, Arbab Fereydoun, Arbab Ardashir and Arbab Mehraban Gouders Shahjahan, as well as a clinic next to it run by Dr. Bahram Ardashir Poroshesb, there was no longer a need for Tata's surgery and the cut of its budget did not worry the Iranian Association of Bombay. In 1335 A.H. All the tools and equipment of the Bahman maternity hospital were handed over to Shirokhurshid Yazd according to a contract (dated 9/7/1335 A.H.).

The book "Yadgarnik (Fifty sayings about Zoroastrians of Yazd) written by Hossein Masrat has 328 illustrated pages and has been published by Hiramba publishing house.

The book "From the Beginning to the End of Babylon Civilization" is a narrative of a historical journey; From the birth of Babylon by the Euphrates to the reign of kings such as Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II, from the bloody battles with Elam and Assyria to its sudden conquest by Cyrus the Great.

In the second episode of the "Inja Plus" podcast, we talked about one of the best-selling books these days. A novel by Zoya Pirzad called "People of Magnolia" that this author finally published a new book after 22 years. Mohammadreza Shafiei Kodkani's birthday and Rooz Hafez and other events and books were the subject of discussion in this episode of the podcast.

Amirhassan Mousavi, a researcher of the history of science, analyzed the various aspects of this conflict and criticized the reductionist formulations by examining the historical and philosophical roots of the challenge between modern medicine and traditional medicine at the scientific meeting of the Research Center for the History of Science of Tehran University.

Hadi Khaniki, professor of communication in this meeting, considered media ethics as a part of the network of relations between journalist and citizen, sender and receiver of message and power and society and listed individual responsibility as one of the requirements of social ethics.

Maryam Hosseini, a researcher of literary criticism and textual studies, called the book "Literary Schools" by Reza Seyed Hosseini "the cornerstone of literary schools in Iran" and said: "Any researcher in this field cannot present a valuable work without studying it." Praising Seyyed Hosseini's mastery as a translator and his translations of Malraux, Sartre, Camus and Balzac, he considered the two gaps in the book to be the lack of modernism and postmodernism and the imbalance of the chapters.

The book "Yadegar Nik" reflects part of the Zoroastrian society's efforts in preserving the culture and history of Iran and Yazd and shows the cultural and social alignment of Zoroastrians and Muslims of Yazd. "Good souvenir" reminds us of the memories, smells, tastes, sights, heard and names that were and are gone.

Experts in the printing industry believe that paying attention to standard requirements in the printing industry is particularly important; An industry where the quality of the final product, the health of the workforce, the safety of the equipment and environmental considerations are interdependent.

The review meeting of the novel "Saros" written by Ayesha Arnavout, translated by Amir Farhangdoost with the help of Bukhara magazine and hosted by Deba Book House, was held in the Khayyam Hall of the Islamic Encyclopaedia Center.

The review meeting of the novel "The Secret of Palomino Mulero's Murder" written by Mario Vargas Llosa will be held with the presence of Asadollah Amrai, the translator of the work.

Dehdashti writer Aftab Afridon believes that instead of analyzing the contradictions of the power structure in Ail, the tensions caused by facing the transition period and class divisions, most of the local writers have turned to creating decorative images and postcards from the past.

Mohammad Mirkiani said: Many psychologists and sociologists in different parts of the world have emphasized the importance of the family and believe that harming its position can lead to social disintegration and widespread damage. In both books "Uncle Rostam" and "Uncle Sohrab", the family has a respectable place and its boundaries are clearly drawn. I have tried to make the audience understand these boundaries while reading the story and while enjoying the narrative, get to know the obvious and hidden values ​​of the family and respect them.

Granaz Mousavi in the meeting "Reverse migration; Artist's Service or Betrayal" said about the experience of returning to Iran after 25 years of living abroad. In this meeting, he considered the attack on returning artists as a sign of limiting the right to choose and vote independence.

In 1405, the Bahauddin Khorramshahi Preservation Prize was awarded in the Iranian books section to the book "Randi Amoz and..." by Dr. Shadarvan Dr. Asghar Dadbeh, which was published by Farhang Masazer Publishing House in 1404, and in the foreign section, the 2026 prize was awarded to Mrs. Dr. Natalya Perigarina, on the occasion of the translation of Hafez's Diwan with descriptions and explanations into Russian.

The review and review meeting of the book "Marxism and Revolution in Iran" will be held on Wednesday, October 29, 1405, at 18:30 to 19:30 at the Third Publishing House Cafe.

The Institute of Islamic History is organizing the meeting "Explaining the political relations between Iran and Oman from the perspective of theories".

"Production in Fire" night was organized by Bukhara magazine in the series of "Bukhara Night" program on the occasion of the unveiling of the series of short documentary films "Production in Fire" at the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Arts. This 60-part video collection, which tells the story of the continuation of the production flow during the days of the 40-day war, as well as the struggle and resistance of the workers during that time, was produced by Shasta Public Relations.

Polar winter, spring of words. Fairland; A village where books have taken root. A story of the connection of harsh nature with the softness of paper, where warehouses have turned into shelters of thought.